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Fighting Online ID Mandates: 2024 In Review

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This year, nearly half of U.S. states passed laws imposing age verification requirements on online platforms. EFF has opposed these efforts, because they censor the internet and burden access to online speech. Though age verification mandates are often touted as “online safety” measures for kids, the laws actually do more harm than good. They undermine the fundamental speech rights of adults and young people alike, create new barriers to internet access, and put at risk all internet users’ privacy, anonymity, and security.

Age verification bills generally require online services to verify all users’ ages—often through invasive tools like ID checks, biometric scans, and other dubious “age estimation” methods—before granting them access to certain online content or services. Some state bills mandate the age verification explicitly, including Texas’s H.B. 1181, Florida’s H.B. 3, and Indiana’s S.B. 17. Other state bills claim not to require age verification, but still threaten platforms with liability for showing certain content or features to minor users. These bills—including Mississippi’s H.B. 1126, Ohio’s Parental Notification by Social Media Operators Act, and the federal Kids Online Safety Act—raise the question: how are platforms to know which users are minors without imposing age verification?

EFF’s answer: they can’t. We call these bills “implicit age verification mandates” because, though they might expressly deny requiring age verification, they still force platforms to either impose age verification measures or, worse, to censor whatever content or features deemed “harmful to minors” for all users—not just young people—in order to avoid liability.

 Age verification requirements are the wrong approach to protecting young people online. No one should have to hand over their most sensitive personal information or submit to invasive biometric surveillance just to access lawful online speech.

EFF’s Work Opposing State Age Verification Bills

Last year, we saw a slew of dangerous social media regulations for young people introduced across the country. This year, the flood of ill-advised bills grew larger. As of December 2024, nearly every U.S. state legislature has introduced at least one age verification bill, and nearly half the states have passed at least one of these proposals into law.

Courts agree with our position on age verification mandates. Across the country, courts have repeatedly and consistently held these so-called “child safety” bills unconstitutional, confirming that it is nearly impossible to impose online age-verification requirements without violating internet users’ First Amendment rights. In 2024, federal district courts in Ohio, Indiana, Utah, and Mississippi enjoined those states’ age verification mandates. The decisions underscore how these laws, in addition to being unconstitutional, are also bad policy. Instead of seeking to censor the internet or block young people from it, lawmakers seeking to help young people should focus on advancing legislation that solves the most pressing privacy and competition problems for all users—without restricting their speech.

Here’s a quick review of EFF’s work this year to fend off state age verification mandates and protect digital rights in the face of this legislative onslaught.

California

In January, we submitted public comments opposing an especially vague and poorly written proposal: California Ballot Initiative 23-0035, which would allow plaintiffs to sue online information providers for damages of up to $1 million if they violate their “responsibility of ordinary care and skill to a child.” We pointed out that this initiative’s vague standard, combined with extraordinarily large statutory damages, will severely limit access to important online discussions for both minors and adults, and cause platforms to censor user content and impose mandatory age verification in order to avoid this legal risk. Thankfully, this measure did not make it onto the 2024 ballot.

In February, we filed a friend-of-the-court brief arguing that California’s Age Appropriate Design Code (AADC) violated the First Amendment. Our brief asked the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals to rule narrowly that the AADC’s age estimation scheme and vague description of “harmful content” renders the entire law unconstitutional, even though the bill also contained several privacy provisions that, stripped of the unconstitutional censorship provisions, could otherwise survive. In its decision in August, the Ninth Circuit confirmed that parts of the AADC likely violate the First Amendment and provided a helpful roadmap to legislatures for how to write privacy first laws that can survive constitutional challenges. However, the court missed an opportunity to strike down the AADC’s age-verification provision specifically.

Later in the year, we also filed a letter to California lawmakers opposing A.B. 3080, a proposed state bill that would have required internet users to show their ID in order to look at sexually explicit content. Our letter explained that bills that allow politicians to define what “sexually explicit” content is and enact punishments for those who engage with it are inherently censorship bills—and they never stop with minors. We declared victory in September when the bill failed to get passed by the legislature.

New York

Similarly, after New York passed the Stop Addictive Feeds Exploitation (SAFE) for Kids Act earlier this year, we filed comments urging the state attorney general (who is responsible for writing the rules to implement the bill) to recognize that that age verification requirements are incompatible with privacy and free expression rights for everyone. We also noted that none of the many methods of age verification listed in the attorney general’s call for comments is both privacy-protective and entirely accurate, as various experts have reported.

Texas

We also took the fight to Texas, which passed a law requiring all Texas internet users, including adults, to submit to invasive age verification measures on every website deemed by the state to be at least one-third composed of sexual material. After a federal district court put the law on hold, the Fifth Circuit reversed and let the law take effect—creating a split among federal circuit courts on the constitutionality of age verification mandates. In May, we filed an amicus brief urging the U.S. Supreme Court to grant review of the Fifth Circuit’s decision and to ultimately overturn the Texas law on First Amendment grounds.

In September, after the Supreme Court accepted the Texas case, we filed another amicus brief on the merits. We pointed out that the Fifth Circuit’s flawed ruling diverged from decades of legal precedent recognizing, correctly, that online ID mandates impose greater burdens on our First Amendment rights than in-person age checks. We explained that there is nothing about this Texas law or advances in technology that would lessen the harms that online age verification mandates impose on adults wishing to exercise their constitutional rights. The Supreme Court has set this case, Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton, for oral argument in February 2025.

Mississippi

Finally, we supported the First Amendment challenge to Mississippi’s age verification mandate, H.B. 1126, by filing amicus briefs both in the federal district court and on appeal to the Fifth Circuit. Mississippi’s extraordinarily broad law requires social media services to verify the ages of all users, to obtain parental consent for any minor users, and to block minor users from exposure to materials deemed “harmful” by state officials.

In our June brief for the district court, we once again explained that online age verification laws are fundamentally different and more burdensome than laws requiring adults to show their IDs in physical spaces, and impose significant barriers on adults’ ability to access lawful speech online. The district court agreed with us, issuing a decision that enjoined the Mississippi law and heavily cited our amicus brief.

Upon Mississippi’s appeal to the Fifth Circuit, we filed another amicus brief—this time highlighting H.B. 1126’s dangerous impact on young people’s free expression. After all, minors enjoy the same First Amendment right as adults to access and engage in protected speech online, and online spaces are diverse and important spaces where minors can explore their identities—whether by creating and sharing art, practicing religion, or engaging in politics—and seek critical resources and support for the very same harms these bills claim to address. In our brief, we urged the court to recognize that age-verification regimes like Mississippi’s place unnecessary and unconstitutional barriers between young people and these online spaces that they rely on for vibrant self-expression and crucial support.

Looking Ahead

As 2024 comes to a close, the fight against online age verification is far from over. As the state laws continue to proliferate, so too do the legal challenges—several of which are already on file.

EFF’s work continues, too. As we move forward in state legislatures and courts, at the federal level here in the United States, and all over the world, we will continue to advocate for policies that protect the free speech, privacy, and security of all users—adults and young people alike. And, with your help, we will continue to fight for the future of the open internet, ensuring that all users—especially the youth—can access the digital world without fear of surveillance or unnecessary restrictions.

This article is part of our Year in Review series. Read other articles about the fight for digital rights in 2024.



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Scription Chronodex Weekly Planner Jan - Jun 2025 Released

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Merry Christmas! Here is the new 2025 Jan to Jun Chronodex for Traveler's Notebook!

If you enjoy using Chronodex, I'd appreciate if you support my work by contributing to my Paypal account: paypal.me/chronodex. Thank you!

Download: Chronodex Weekly Planner Jan - Jun 2025

As 2025 approaches, I find myself embarking on a journey of self-discovery and new beginnings. After 21 transformative years, I’ve made the bittersweet decision to step away from a career that shaped much of who I am today.

city’super and LOG-ON have given me so much—memories, friendships, and the privilege to collaborate with extraordinary brands and like-minded individuals. Together, we brought ideas to life and created experiences that will always hold a special place in my heart.

However, as times change, so do the landscapes of the places we hold dear. The values and spirit that once inspired me to join no longer seem to align with the decisions driven by the pressing need for “survival.” Operating for the sake of operating—losing sight of the bigger picture—has left me feeling disconnected from the purpose and energy I once thrived on.

So, it’s time. Time to pause, reset, and realign. At the end of January 2025, I’ll be heading off for a 10-day meditation retreat—a chance to let go of the lingering negativity and make space for whatever comes next.

Here’s to fresh perspectives, renewed energy, and the unknown opportunities that await in 2025. Let’s see where this new chapter leads. See you soon!

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Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal - Yesss

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Click here to go see the bonus panel!

Hovertext:
Mmmm, fully frontal prudity.


Today's News:
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mkalus
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iPhone: 49.287476,-123.142136
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The View From The Other Side.

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I have been a man in the eyes of the world for almost eight years now.

I transitioned slowly, thinking maybe people would be more accepting if they saw I wasn’t “rushing into things,” if I gave them a chance to adjust. Or maybe I thought I could do it so slowly that nobody even noticed. It didn’t work, of course. It might have been gradual for me, but for people I came out to, it was always sudden – one moment they didn’t know I was trans, and the next they did. There’s no way to ease people in like “I’m about 10% trans now, just put a pin in that… okay now it’s 20%… are you ready for more?”

(At this point I had long since been cutting my hair short and wearing men’s clothes and no makeup, but these are all things women can do. There’s no way to unambiguously signal maleness with personal styling alone, which is lovely for human diversity and all, but a big pain in the ass when you’re a coward trying to soft-launch a gender transition.)

I dragged my feet on every step, still trying to prove to the world that I had Extremely Slow Onset Gender Dysphoria; it took me two years from starting testosterone to come out at work, and four years to legally change my name and gender. Every night I’d have this conversation with myself:

“I don’t want to be trans! It’s expensive and a lot of work and people hate you for it! This isn’t fun anymore! I want to quit!”

“Okay, you can do that. It’s an option. You can go back to living as a woman.”

What??? Why would I do that??!?!!?

And at the same time, I’m not sure I would have accepted a magic potion to become a cis man, if one had been offered. I’ve made so many friends in the trans community. I’ve gotten to decide what kind of person I want to be, far more consciously than most people have the opportunity to. I got to choose my own name! Not a lot of people get that! (Which is weird, honestly, considering that everyone has the opportunity. But I can count on one hand the number of cis people I know who’ve changed their name to one that simply fit better.) And I’ve learned a hell of a lot about gender, both what it feels like from the inside and how people treat you when they see you as a man or a woman.


The main thing I’ve learned is something I suspected all along – it doesn’t make that much of a difference.

This is weird to say when I’ve spent years on the project of changing my gender, but on a day-to-day basis, I’m still me. I’m not angrier, or hornier, or better at math, or worse at… I don’t know, sewing? You run into very silly stereotypes very fast when you start trying to drill down what the difference between the genders is supposed to even be. Eight years of testosterone and I still don’t understand football.

When I came out to my mom, she said “it’s like I’m losing a daughter,” which was an awful thing to say, and also a strange one. There was no point at my transition where female-me disappeared and male-me took over. I’m the same person and I don’t think that’s entirely because “I was always a man” or whatever – I think it’s because being a human is kind of the same experience no matter what kind of sex hormones you’re doing it with.

Even the changes in my body feel weirdly normal. If you’d asked me “what’s it like to be a guy with a half-inch penis?” before that was me, I would have thought it was really like something. Like oh you must feel terribly self-conscious about it, or must have a lot of confidence to compensate, or… anything other than the reality, which is that on most days, I don’t even think about it. My face was my face when it didn’t grow hair, and now that it does, it’s my face with hair on it. I’ve never had a lot of physical dysphoria, but I also don’t have any now. I’m just whatever shape I happen to be at the moment.

The way people treat me is a little more noticeably different. Mostly in what doesn’t happen. Men used to have opinions about me, sexually. Some of them were “you should fuck me” and some of them were “I wouldn’t fuck you,” but either way, they formed those opinions and often shared them. It doesn’t work the other way at all. I have no idea what random women in passing cars think of my sexual prospects.

(This is mostly a positive, but God, I miss picking up straight men. All you have to do is exist in front of them. Finding queer men who want what I’ve got is an entire goddamn outreach program.)

The standards are lower for me, too. If I exercise what I’d consider the bare minimum of politeness as a woman – smile at people, say please and thank you, listen when someone else is talking – I get told wow, I’m such a nice guy. Although if I try too hard to be nice to a woman sometimes that gets misinterpreted. It honestly hurt the first time I tried to make small talk with a cashier and she suddenly turned cold and distant in a way I’d never experienced when I was a woman. I don’t blame her for it, I blame cis men, I know exactly what they did to make her feel unsafe with me, but it did hurt.

People are a lot less likely to ask me if I have kids.

I have never had to get in a physical fight over matters of manly honor. I didn’t really expect I would, but some guys seem to put a lot of stock in “women want to be equal to men, but can they fight like a man?” And the answer turns out to be that when you’re thirty-eight years old and you don’t start fights, this is literally never an issue.

Sometimes patients mistakenly call me “doctor,” and that never happened when I was a woman.


So if everything’s the same, why bother? It’s been a lot of time and money and needles and exposure to Republican opinions just to end up at “life is the same, except I’m on the other side of sexism now.”

I don’t know. It’s ineffable. It’s something that I want simply because I want it. And in eight years I’ve never stopped wanting it. I can picture myself pretending to be a woman again, but not being one.

That’s the sticky thing about being trans, when you get really honest about it. When you’re trying to explain it, you either have to point to goofy boys-blue-girls-pink shit like “I liked trucks as a kid,” or to… nothing, seemingly. To “just because, but it’s a very important just because.” Gender is extremely silly and arbitrary and I also don’t know why I have one, but apparently I do.

Being a man feels exactly like being a woman, except without the part where I’m being slowly worn down by the feeling that I’m constantly pretending to be someone else.

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National Suicide Prevention Month: Addressing Mental Health Challenges Among Black and Brown Youth

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September marks National Suicide Prevention Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about the critical issue of suicide and mental health. This observance becomes particularly important when focusing on marginalized communities, such as Black and Brown youth, who face unique challenges that significantly impact their mental health and well-being.

Suicide is a complex issue influenced by a host of different factors including mental illness, social environment, and cultural influences. For Black and Brown youth, these factors are often heightened by systemic issues such as socioeconomic disparities, racial discrimination, and cultural stigmas around mental health. The intersectionality of race and mental health makes it crucial to tailor suicide prevention efforts to address these specific needs.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the suicide rate among Black youth has been rising, with recent reports indicating a significant increase in suicide rates among Black and Brown adolescents compared to their white peers. Similarly, Hispanic youth also face elevated suicide risks, influenced by factors such as acculturation stress and familial challenges.

Suicide and mental illness are often thought of as a white occurrence. Despite the racial disparities — and the fact that suicide is the second leading cause of death among all adolescents — there has been an absence of research examining the racial and ethnic differences in youth suicidal ideation, plans, or suicide attempts.

This is partly because Black researchers who examine health disparities have sadly been underfunded. So much so the director of the National Institutes of Health issued a public apology for “structural racism in biomedical research” — but also because there are only a handful of academics who study these topics.

These days, people are hesitant to inject race into any conversation, and that includes about suicide. But the subject of race cannot be lost on this conversation, along with culture. Anytime we speak about Black mental health, it’s not just about one thing. It’s several things, including trauma that has not been addressed. Black and Brown youth are experiencing racism every day, in various areas of their lives.

A report presented to Congress in 2019 identified gaps in research and policy and has since resulted in more research dollars flowing to studies related to Black youth suicide, including a program to teach middle-schoolers about mental health and a suicide prevention intervention called Success Over Stress, which touches on themes like systemic racism and police brutality to help ninth-grade students at predominantly Black schools develop coping skills.

Systemic inequities play a substantial role in the mental health crisis faced by Black and Brown youth. Economic instability affects access to resources, including mental health services. Many families in marginalized communities struggle with financial constraints that can limit their ability to seek and afford mental health care.

When I was growing up, Black people rarely talked about or sought mental health services. If you even thought you were depressed or going through something, you were told there’s nothing the Lord can’t fix. You needed to pray. You needed to go to church and let the elders lay hands on you. You better not go and “tell them people all your business,” I recall a family member saying. This stigma is what kept Black people silent and hurting. Unfortunately, it has trickled down from generation to generation.

Black people face numerous challenges that affect our mental health, including high rates of unemployment, poverty, and incarceration; health disparities and disability; the emotional and psychological impact that the pandemic brought our way; and the steady rise of police shootings in our communities. All of these challenges are complicated by the intergenerational trauma of slavery, the very mention of which sparks a visceral reaction even now. Black people were brought to this country as slave labor, and, along the way, laws were passed to ensure that they and their descendants would continue to be enslaved forever.

This history retraumatizes and reactivates centuries-old intergenerational fight-or-flight strategies for coping. I believe all of this plays a significant role in how our youth’s challenges are addressed — or not addressed properly.

In addition, schools in marginalized communities often face a lack of resources, which can contribute to academic stress and hinder access to supportive services, such as counseling and mental health education. Persistent experiences of racial discrimination and systemic racism can have profound psychological effects. Chronic exposure to these stressors can lead to increased feelings of hopelessness and depression.

Addressing the mental health needs of Black and Brown youth requires a culturally competent approach, including culturally relevant education about mental health. It should be tailored to relevant examples and language that resonate with the experiences of Black and Brown youth.

Mental health professionals should receive training on cultural competence to better understand and address the unique needs of Black and Brown youth. This training can help providers deliver more effective and empathetic care.

Promoting overall wellness is vital, such as programs that focus on building resilience and coping skills that can empower youth to manage stress and navigate challenges more effectively. I believe programs that involve family members and caregivers can enhance these support networks. It can help reduce the decades-long stigma and encourage open conversations in the home about mental health.

This month reminds us of the opportunity to focus on action and advocacy. We can encourage inclusive practices in schools, workplaces, and communities that recognize and address the unique needs of Black and Brown youth. Inclusivity can help create environments where everyone feels valued and supported. Through continued collective action and awareness, we can work towards a future where every young person has the resources and the support they need to thrive — and live.

The post National Suicide Prevention Month: Addressing Mental Health Challenges Among Black and Brown Youth appeared first on Black Girl Nerds.

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Spelman College Creates Virtual Hub to Highlight Black Women in STEM

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In recent years, the landscape of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) has seen a growing acknowledgment of the need for diversity and inclusion. Spelman College, an HBCU (historically Black college and university) in Atlanta, Georgia, is taking a monumental step in addressing this need by establishing a dedicated hub for Black women in STEM. This initiative is not only a strategic move for the college but also a significant development in the broader context of STEM education and representation.

Spelman College has long been a beacon of academic excellence, particularly in empowering Black women through education. The new hub for Black women in STEM is a natural extension of Spelman’s commitment to nurturing and advancing the careers of its students. This initiative aims to provide a multifaceted platform for students to engage in cutting-edge research, receive mentorship, and build professional networks within the STEM fields.

A first-of-its-kind digital tool focused on Black women and data on their contributions to the STEM field was made possible by a $5 million grant from Google. It all started with a conversation held by Spelman’s Center of Excellence leadership advisory board over two years ago. When researchers realized the lack of data while attempting to champion the contributions of Black women across various STEM fields, they put their money where they mouth is.

The hub will offer state-of-the-art laboratories, dedicated research spaces, and collaborative work environments. It will also host workshops, guest lectures, and seminars featuring leading figures in STEM, further enhancing students’ exposure and opportunities.

The significance of Spelman’s new hub extends beyond the college itself. Traditionally, Black women have been underrepresented in STEM fields, which has long-term implications for innovation and diversity in science and technology. By creating a specialized space for Black women in STEM, Spelman is actively working to counteract these disparities.

In ancient civilizations, STEM roles were filled by astronomers, engineers, and mathematicians who built early technological marvels and made foundational scientific discoveries. History shows women in STEM roles during this time but societal norms limited their opportunities. During the feminist movement, increased educational opportunities led to a rise in women pursuing careers in STEM fields, including the establishment of organizations like the Association for Women in Science in 1971.

Black women have made significant contributions to STEM fields throughout history, though their achievements were often underrecognized due to systemic barriers. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Black women began to make their mark despite facing severe racial and gender discrimination. Hidden figures Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Dorothy Vaughan were pivotal at NASA during the Space Race, contributing to crucial calculations and engineering tasks. They served as the brains behind one of the greatest operations in history: the launch of astronaut John Glenn into orbit.

Dr. Alice Ball, a Black chemist, developed the first effective treatment for leprosy, known as the Ball Method, in the 1920s. Despite her groundbreaking work, her contributions were not fully recognized during her lifetime.

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s helped to highlight and address the disparities faced by Black professionals. This period saw increased efforts to promote diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. Dr. Mae Jemison became the Black woman in space in 1992, and Dr. Jeanette Epps became notable for her work with NASA and the International Space Station.

Today, Black women continue to make significant strides in STEM. For example, Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett played a key role in developing the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

These achievements reflect a growing recognition of the contributions of Black women to STEM, though challenges remain. Black women are all too familiar with racial and gender biases that can impede our career advancement. This includes being overlooked for promotions, facing microaggressions, and dealing with stereotypes that undermine our expertise and capabilities.

A lack of visible Black women in STEM roles can contribute to feelings of isolation and discouragement. The underrepresentation of Black women in these fields can make it harder to find mentors who understand their unique challenges and experiences. Black women may face barriers related to access to quality education and resources. Disparities in educational opportunities, such as inadequate funding for schools in predominantly Black communities, can impact their ability to pursue and excel in STEM careers.

This is why diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives are so important. Unfortunately, we continue to see programs being eliminated across the board. Addressing these challenges involves promoting diversity and inclusion, providing mentorship and support networks, and working to eliminate systemic biases and inequities in educational and professional settings.

We know that representation matters, especially when students see themselves reflected in their field of study or future career. It fosters a sense of belonging and possibility. Spelman graduates will be prepared to take on leadership roles and drive innovation in their respective fields. The initiative will help bridge the gap between academic achievement and professional success, equipping students with the skills and experiences necessary to excel.

Spelman’s initiative is more than just a campus development. By establishing this hub, Spelman College is setting a precedent for other institutions to follow. It demonstrates the value of investing in specialized resources and support systems for underrepresented groups in STEM.

As Black women continue to make significant contributions to science and technology, their success will inspire future generations and challenge existing stereotypes. Spelman’s hub will contribute to a broader cultural shift towards greater inclusivity and diversity.

The post Spelman College Creates Virtual Hub to Highlight Black Women in STEM appeared first on Black Girl Nerds.

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